

Structural transformation and wideband loading technology were effective approaches in recent years. Researchers in this field tend to seek more economical and practical methods to reduce the HF antennas’ size. Most of the HF antennas were too large to apply the techniques, such as magneto-dielectric ferrite materials, as well as having a complicated structural approach. However, not all the technologies were appropriate for high frequency (HF) antennas. These techniques have reduced the size of the antenna to some extent.

To meet the increasing demand for miniaturized antenna, researchers developed all sorts of miniaturization technologies.
